Since body counts were a direct measure of operational success, US "operations reports" often listed civilian deaths as enemy KIA or exaggerated the number. In 1965 alone they comprised 14.1% of total combat deaths, when they only comprised approximately 11% of the total U.S. population in the same year. ; 1972 Easter Offensive - This saw 50,000 to 75,000 North Vietnamese combatants . The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died in the war. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 195564 and 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total of 1,622,973. In the days before "embeds" this generation's enforced melding of photographer and military unit there was a certain sense of . 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. [70], RJ Rummel estimates 1,011,000 PAVN/VC combatant deaths. Major Bruce Crandall made over 20 flights into intense enemy fire during a battle in the Ia Drang Valley, South Vietnam, in November 1965, evacuating 70 wounded and delivering ammunition. Copies of WWII though Vietnam era (men born April 28, 1877 to March 28, 1957) Selective Service Records may be obtained from the National Personnel Records Center, in St. Louis, for a fee. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. non-hostile occurrence or who were missing in action or prisoners of war in the Southeast Asian combat area during the Vietnam War, including casualties that occurred in Cambodia, China, Laos, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and Thailand. California (5,572 Estimated Casualties). copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. When reunification elections were set to start, South Vietnamese government officials refused to participate. [62] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC confirmed military deaths, included 939,460 with bodies recovered and 207,000 with the bodies unfound. These numbers do not include civilian and ARVN military deaths result from the communist mass-internment, the refugee crisis and subsequent exodus of Vietnamese people after the Fall of Saigon. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. U.S. Army Personnel and Dependent Casualties, 1961-1981 85% of the records in this database are related to the Vietnam Conflict. Nick Turse, in his 2013 book, Kill Anything that Moves, argues that a relentless drive toward higher body counts, a widespread use of free-fire zones, rules of engagement where civilians who ran from soldiers or helicopters could be viewed as VC, and a widespread disdain for Vietnamese civilians led to massive civilian casualties and endemic war crimes inflicted by U.S. The United States provided funding and troops to the South Vietnamese effort to prevent Communism from spreading further in East Asia. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. but not without Marine and U.S. Air Force casualties. One escapee died of wounds sustained during his rescue 15 days later. These deaths made up about 40% of the total casualties. [citation needed] Black people often made up a disproportionate 25% or more of combat units, while constituting only 12% of the military. [32] and studies have shown higher rates of casualties, health effects, and next-generation birth defects in Vietnamese peoples. Vietnam War Casualties, MIA and POWs. The Viet Cong lost around 1.1 million combatants. NVA/VC Casualties Reported by III MAF Units: 756 : H: Marine Aircraft . Veterans were viewed negatively for their participation in the war, even if it was not by their choice to do so. Casualties - US vs NVA/VC. Week of November 22. Furthermore, domestic unrest and the financial cost of war made peaceand troop withdrawalsa necessity, not a choice. KIA. Over 58,000 American troops were killed in Vietnam, with more still not identified. Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. A 1975 US Senate subcommittee estimated around 1.4 million civilian casualties in South Vietnam because of the war, including 415,000 deaths. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. KIA - Killed in Action WIA - Wounded in Action. [11][12][13][14] It was difficult to distinguish between civilians and military personnel in many instances as many individuals were part-time guerrillas or impressed laborers who did not wear uniforms. . the Vietnam War). Killed in Action (KIA); Died while Missing. Harper Perennial; September 1991. [55] Widespread reports of deliberate mass killings by Korean forces alleged that they were the result of systemic, deliberate policies to massacre civilians, with murders running into the hundreds. . An error occurred trying to load this video. United States, National Archives, Korean War and Vietnam War Records; United States Vietnam War 1964 to 1972; Related Websites: NARA Series Description; NARA Reference Information Paper 90 Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era; NARA State-Level Fatal Casualty Lists for the Vietnam War [22], Thomas Thayer in 1985 estimated that during the 196572 period the VC killed 33,052 South Vietnamese village officials and civil servants.[23]. The U.S. National Archives shows that 58,220 U.S. soldiers perished. The Vietnam War was a costly conflict between all sides from both a financial and military perspective. A mass exodus in 1975 of people loyal to the South Vietnamese cause was followed by another wave in 1978 of boat people, refugees fleeing the economic restructuring imposed by the communist regime. Estimates of the total number of deaths in the Vietnam War vary widely. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. Village battles were not uncommon as the two factions fought for control of the region. The number of these "boat people" leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totalled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. U.S. military advisers, present in small numbers throughout the 1950s, were introduced on a large scale beginning in 1961, and active combat units were introduced in 1965. A number of incidents occurred during the war in which civilians were deliberately targeted or killed. For details of the total number of Australians who died during the Vietnam War, 1962- 1975, please refer to Deaths as a result of service with Australian units.. Statistics: Total Australian service casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962-72 In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars that the nation had ever been involved in. 2,594,000 personnel served within the borders of South Vietnam. [21] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC. In 1939, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam were French colonies organized under a single administrative unit called Approximately 8,000 Coast Guardsmen served in Vietnam - but our legacy does not stop there. In my report I described them as so many women between fifteen and twenty-five and so many childrenusually in their mothers' arms or very close to themand so many old people." In 2002, an early version of the Coffelt Database was deeded to the National Archives, which made it available on-line as a searchable database. Omissions? [55] These policies were also reported on by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think [they got] fired on from a village they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese). Vancouver's Rob McSorley is one of at least 134 Canadians killed in action fighting for U.S. forces during the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps. The costs and casualties of the growing war proved too much for the United States to bear, and U.S. combat units were withdrawn by 1973. But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . The Vietnam War was fought in Vietnamese territory between mainly South Vietnam/the United States and the Viet Cong of North Vietnam. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. MARINE CORPS * According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, we are losing an estimated 500 Vietnam veterans every day. [14], German historian Bernd Greiner mentions the following war crimes reported and/or investigated by the Peers Commission and the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, among other sources:[43]. In just 30 minutes, they had 30 casualties. The question of who won the Vietnam War has been a subject of debate, and the answer depends on the definition of victory. Of the 2.6 million, between 1 and 1.6 million (40-60%) either fought in. Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. Deaths in the Vietnam War. To be listed on the Memorial one simply need to have been: 1) A native Hoosier; and, 2) Killed in Action or Missing in Action between 1 January . The Vietnamese newspaper Nhn Dn reported in 2012 that the U.S. government was providing $41 million to the project, which aimed to reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m of soil by late 2016. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1966, An Expanding War, 1982 . Casualty Data For The Vietnam War. ARMY * Two further massacres were reported by soldiers who had taken part in them, one north of c Pho in, 426 killed in action, 74 died of other causes, 6 missing in action (all accounted for and repatriated), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 15:26. War on Terrorism, 2000-2014. Others are still yet to be discovered and over 1,200 Americans are still unaccounted for. [45] One example cited by Turse is Operation Speedy Express, an operation by the 9th Infantry Division, which was described by John Paul Vann as, in effect, "many My Lais". lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. [33][34] The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable. The Viet Cong amassed an estimated 2.3 million troops by 1975. US Army helicopters pour machine-gun fire into the tree line to cover the advance of ground troops. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, Record Group 330: Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Record Group 407: Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Collection COFF: Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. The United States entered Vietnam with the principal purpose of preventing a communist takeover of the region. Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." Of these, more than 13,000 were killed and 88,000 wounded, nearly a . (At least 100 names on the memorial are those of servicemen who were actually Canadian citizens.) Answer (1 of 3): !st Cavalry Division KIA - 5,444 WIA - 26,592 Total Casualties - 32,036 The First Team was in VN from Aug 1965 until Aug 1972 Per: Willbanks, James H. (2013). The majority of these soldiers were between the ages of 21 and 28. [75], The PAVN/VC forces suffered around 600,000 wounded during the war,[76] and prior to the 1975 spring offensive, lost at least 26,880 soldiers taken prisoner - being released after the 1973 Peace Accords. Around 3.8 million casualties were suffered in total between both sides, with nearly half being civilian deaths. The vietnam war Pictures That Moved Them Most . Against the background of the Cold War, the Vietnam War embroiled the United States, South Vietnam, and regional allies in a long and costly conflict against the regular forces of North Vietnam and the Communist Viet Cong guerillas. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. [72], The Phoenix Program, a counterinsurgency program executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's security apparatus, killed 26,369 suspected of being VC operatives and informants. From refugee camps in Southeast Asia, the great majority of boat people were resettled in more developed countries. In October 1966, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara initiated Project 100,000 which further lowered military standards for 100,000 additional draftees per year. [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. At the heart of the conflict was the desire of North Vietnam, which had defeated the French colonial administration of Vietnam in 1954, to unify the entire country under a single communist regime modeled after those of the Soviet Union and China. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. Panama . The Vietnam War was a long, deadly . Of those killed, 61% were younger than 21 years old. [71] The official US Department of Defense figure was 950,765 communist forces killed in Vietnam from 1965 to 1974. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. Principal Wars in Which the US Participated . The U.S. military reported 58,220 American casualties. [91] Around 3035% of American deaths in the war were non-combat or friendly fire deaths; the largest causes of death in the U.S. armed forces were small arms fire (31.8%), booby traps including mines and frags (27.4%), and aircraft crashes (14.7%). Civilian deaths are still ongoing because of the use of unexploded ordnances left behind from the war. 49. [7], R. J. Rummel's mid-range estimate in 1997 was that the total deaths due to the Vietnam War totaled 2,450,000 from 195475. Around half a million Vietnamese children were born with birth defects because of its use, and American soldiers and their families report side effects from being exposed to the chemical. Put in their place to rule was Emperor Bao Dai, a French implant who had ties to creating a democracy. Those who argue that the United States opponents won the war cite the United States overall objectives and outcomes. The additional resources allowed the project's scope to expand to include unit of assignment information for all service branches. 2.7 million American troops were sent to South Vietnam. Create your account. Battle of Hamburger Hill. The war persisted from 1955 to 1975 and most of the fighting took place in South Vietnam; accordingly it suffered the most casualties. In 1976, the Vietnamese government organized Gathering Teams to find the remains of dead soldiers. Though the Vietnamese army incurred more casualties, it was a . [65], According to the Vietnamese government's official history, one of the deadliest years was 1972, where they lost over 100,000 casualties. How to Order a Draft Record. 58,148 were killed in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, 23,214 were 100% disabled, 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations. Being killed in action was the leading cause of American casualties. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C.. Major incidents. 7,484 women served in Vietnam, of whom 6,250 or 83.5% were nurses. These alphabetical indexes are for your convenience but do not represent the order of names on the Wall. Ronald H. Spector is Professor of History and International Affairs in the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. The American death toll in the Vietnam War is currently known to be 58,220. [52] According to a study conducted in 1968 by a Quaker-funded Vietnamese-speaking American couple, Diane and Michael Jones, there were at least 12 mass killings committed by South Korean forces that approached the scale of the My Lai Massacre, with reports of thousands of routine murders of civilians, primarily the elderly, women and children. Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, gives a 1513 reference for military casualty, and an 1844 reference for civilian use. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. [49] The Second Marine Brigade perpetrated the Phong Nh and Phong Nht massacre on 12 February 1968. Estimates for PAVN deaths in the Easter Offensive alone vary from 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. The following year, in 1976, Vietnam was united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. The United States had provided funding, armaments, and training to South Vietnams government and military since Vietnams partition into the communist North and the democratic South in 1954. Combat Area Casualties Dataset. "Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968." The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died. The Vietnam War began mainly over political conflict between Ho Chi Minh's Communist state of North Vietnam and the U.S.-supported democracy of South Vietnam. They also are AT-CTI certified. [102] The Red Cross of Vietnam estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or suffer health problems due to Agent Orange exposure. This is also the main reason that soldiers in Vietnam saw more action than those soldiers of preceding wars. In late 2006, the project scope was extended further by including circumstances of death information in the Coffelt Database - the "how and where" of their deaths. The Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files contains records of 58,220 U.S. military fatal casualties of the Vietnam War. According to a 2009 study, one third of land in the central provinces of Vietnam is still contaminated with unexploded mines and ordnance. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In addition to patrolling, Navy PBRs participated with . Many movements on the home front arose in the early 1970s to end the war, which sped the process of withdrawing troops along. The South Vietnamese government, on the other hand, fought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West. In that respect, it failed: the two Vietnams were united under a communist banner in July 1976. When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. A. [58] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. He succeeded in 1954 and established a Communist government. In 1995 Vietnam . An addition 3 million Vietnamese were left wounded and around 12 million were refugees. During the height of the conflict, Navy personnel scouted the rivers and canals of the sprawling Mekong Delta for communist guerrilla forces, arms, and ammunition. Since 1941 Congress has declared war only six times, all during World War II. Unit: Nickname: KIA: Comment: 1st Cavalry Division: First . Total. The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). This list is organized in alphabetical order, and can be used to determine the place on the Vietnam Memorial where an individual's name can be found - the panel and line number to the right of the name. Refighting the Vietnam War. [73][74], Historian Christian Appy states "search and destroy was the principal tactic; and the enemy body count was the primary measure of progress" in the US strategy of attrition. In 1993-94, after PCs had become commonplace, Tom Holloway (Emory University, Atlanta) changed the landscape by obtaining the Department of Defense's casualty database and the Army Adjutant General's database in digital form. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent. Lebanon (1982-1984) 240. 8. We do not sell any of the items showcased on this site. Using the university's mainframe computers to read the reel-to-reel computer tapes, Tom integrated the two databases and converted the information into a commonly used small-computer format. In the summer of 2017, I was a U.S. Army lieutenant in the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. Vietnam War Casualties record set contains 58,192 additional names of service people who lost their lives while serving overseas. As before, emphasis was placed on obtaining hard documentation, a task made easier as material became available on the Internet from governmental and private organizations. Vietnam War, (195475), a protracted conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam and its allies in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong, against the government of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 0. Vietnam War Almanac: An In-Depth Guide to the Most Controversial Conflict in American History. [95][96], The number of US military personnel in Vietnam jumped from 23,300 in 1965 to 465,600 by the end of 1967. [60] Prior to the 1975 spring offensive, at least 5,336 ARVN were captured, being released in the aftermath of the Paris Peace Accords. In the United States, the Vietnam War became known as one of the most unpopular wars . Over the following years, additions to the list have brought the total past 58,200. In 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., inscribed with the names of 57,939 members of U.S. armed forces who had died or were missing as a result of the war. U.S. Marines in Vietnam, 1967, Fighting the North Vietnamese, 1984 . Vietnamese soldiers and an unknown number of civilian casualties in South and North Vietnam (Browne 1994: 1). [4] [5], In 1995, the Vietnamese government released its estimate of war deaths for the more lengthy period of 195575. The Fall of Saigon in 1975 | Vietnam War Timeline, Causes & Aftermath, Battle of Ia Drang | Battle of Ia Drang Casualty List, Easter Offensive of 1972: Vietnam War | History, Impact & Aftermath. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. Not all of these were military personnel; nearly half of the deaths of the Vietnam War were the deaths of civilians caught in the fighting. * From 1956-1964, 417Americans died in Vietnam. In general we index the memorials at the lowest practical unit level. [101], Agent Orange and similar chemical defoliants have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including among the US Air Force crew that handled them. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [57], The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths. Updates? Those totals include only Vietnamese deaths, and do not include American and other allied military deaths which amounted to about 64,000. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. He was not killed in action but murdered by another U.S. airman and later died of his wounds on 8 June, 1956. By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, 1973 Paris Peace Accords Overview | Talks, Terms & Agreement, Vietnamization Policy & Significance | Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces, Operation Ranch Hand: Definition, Strategy & Impact, Significant Events in the First Indochina War, Causes of American Defeat in the Vietnam War, Communism Spreads During the Vietnam War: Cambodia and Laos. "The Vietnam Wars." NAVY * Relations between the United States and Vietnam were stable in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, and peace was maintained. Some Vietnam War veterans that died between 1966 and 1968 came from Los Angeles, Sacramento, Yuba City, San Diego, Santa Ana and Whittier or Stockton.. California has the highest veteran count of all the U.S. states, totaling 596,130. Cobra helicopters totaled 1,110,716 flight hours in Vietnam. Grand total of war deaths: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (1954-75) 1,450,000: 2,450,000: 3,595,000: Civilian deaths in the Vietnam War . He further suggests that 222,000 civilians may have been counted as enemy military deaths by the U.S. in compiling its "body count" raising the total to 627,000 killed. Between October 1966 and June 1969, 246,000 soldiers were recruited through Project 100,000, of whom 41% were black; black people only made up about 11% of the population of the US. Fighting continued on a lesser scale for some time afterwards and refugee numbers rose sharply due to the continued conflict, but the development of a strong trading market in the 80s helped the nation become more unified. Da Nang was the primary storage site of the chemical. Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in what had been its longest and most controversial war. In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. The "Holloway Database" effectively became the public's sole source of information regarding all our Vietnam dead. The terms of this expansion included yet more funding and arms, but a key alteration was the commitment of U.S. soldiers to the region. The war was fought on Vietnamese land, in addition to the territories of Cambodia and Laos. Corrections? Numbers certainly do not tell the whole story - or all of them - but they certainly paint a picture of lives lost and families devastated. In the midst of an intense 3-week fight against the North Vietnamese Army in the province of Kontum, South Vietnam, elements of the U.S. Army 173d Airborne Brigade and the 503d Infantry Regiment assaulted a battalion of North Vietnamese soldiers entrenched on a hill outside the village . Ultimately, by the end of the war, India had suffered over two million fatalities. The oldest man killed was 62 years old. 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Killed, 61 % were nurses who won the Vietnam War vary widely 100 % disabled, were. According to a 2009 study, one third of civilian deaths, another scholar Guenter Lewy, great. Was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson continued! He vietnam war casualties by unit not killed in 1969 government officials refused to participate - in... 1,200 Americans are still ongoing because of the MIA are from northern Vietnam including 415,000 deaths, one third land... ] According to a 2009 study, one third of civilian casualties South., Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work for me US Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS death File 1850-2010!
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