how to skip private method call in mockito

Make sure you add this at the top of your test class. PTIJ Should we be afraid of Artificial Intelligence? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. But you can do this with PowerMock for example. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? How does a fan in a turbofan engine suck air in? The following is the code snippet of using eq() Argument Matcher for the Long data type: This would guarantee that the service would always return a value of 50.0 in accordance with our stubbed method criterion whenever a long argument of 100 is provided with the first parameter of any Double value. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Follow communication "scripts" when handling different topics. What is the difference between public, protected, package-private and private in Java? The second method takes a variable number of. Mockito Argument Matchers: Examples and Usage, An Overview of JUnit 5 Assertions with Examples, Getting Started with Mockito @Mock and @InjectMocks, Mockito Spy Explained: A Comprehensive Guide. How do I call one constructor from another in Java? When we invoke the getVal() method, outside the mock scope, we should the value as bar and inside the scope, we should get the value foo. Does Cosmic Background radiation transmit heat? Right click on the 'src' folder and choose New=>Package. When not using argument matchers, Mockito records your argument values and compares them with their equals methods.When you call a matcher like any or gt (greater than), Mockito stores a matcher object that causes Mockito to skip that equality check and apply your match of choice. How do Mockito matchers work? Maybe this article spares someones time debugging . Mockito provides us with a verify () method which lets us verify whether the mock void method is being called or not. If know please click on below link. To verify the process goes smoothly, we will verify that StudentService is called exactly 1 time with any Student object. Click 'Finish'. Over 6+ years of experience as Full Stack Java Developer in Analysis, Design, Development, Documentation, Implementing and Testing of software systems in Java 11/8, J2EE technologies using . You want to write a test case using Mockito to verify that the correct StudentDTO object is passed to this method. The following is the code snippet of using Character Argument Matcher: The argument matcher anyDouble() matches to any double or not-null double values. Solution 1. MockedStatic class. How to increase the number of CPUs in my computer? The argument matcher endsWith() matches the String argument that ends with the given suffix. Figure 1. Additionally, we can use flexible argument-matchers in expectations. Is Koestler's The Sleepwalkers still well regarded? Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How do I call one constructor from another in Java? Business Logic Object, to perform its tasks: To unit-test run() in Controller, I have to decouple it from the real Blo. Go to File=>New=>Java Project. All, @PostMapping and @RequestBody Example in Spring Boot REST, Spring Boot @PostMapping, @GetMapping,, Spring Security Default Username, Password, Role, User Registration, Log in, Log out Video Tutorials. public String getWelcomeMsg (String name) { System.out.println ("Inside Child's getWelcomeMsg () method"); return getMsg (name); } It's up to you whether you want to mock or not the getMsg () method in Junit test class. Maybe you are missing PowerMock.createMock(). Join the DZone community and get the full member experience. But you can do this with PowerMock . Conclusion. Fill in the details and click on Next. What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Can Mockito capture arguments of a method called multiple times? It is necessary to call ScopedMock.close() method to release the static mock once it has been used and is no longer needed. Integral with cosine in the denominator and undefined boundaries. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? the method default access level, because did not find any example of. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 2)Assuming you have added junit dependency in your pom.xml. Do German ministers decide themselves how to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line? Mockito: Trying to spy on method is calling the original method. Over 2 million developers have joined DZone. We pass this argument matcher to the verify() method, along with the mock StudentService object and the method call deleteStudent(studentDTO). Figure 2: JUnit Mockito When thenReturn setup 2. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. In this tutorial, we learned to create, record expectations and verify the mocks have static methods. https://code.google.com/p/powermock/wiki/MockConstructor, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own. Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. Most of the time it is easy to test your classes and . By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Eclipse will create a 'src' folder. What are examples of software that may be seriously affected by a time jump? 2. Note that we use the lambda expression syntax to define the argument matchers for the id and firstName fields, and we call the matches() method on each matcher inside the studentMatcher argument matcher to combine the two criteria. iOS App Development with Swift. I added a few more instructions to the answer. Heres how you could use argThat() to combine two argument matchers: In this example, we use argThat() to combine the two argument matchers idMatcher and firstNameMatcher,into a single argument matcher studentMatcher. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. There is a deleteX() and a init() Method in it. Mockito Argument Matchers reside in the org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers class. Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups, Clash between mismath's \C and babel with russian. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Since there arises a null pointer exception when the validate method is executed, Im trying to skip the method call by spying the ActualClass object as stated in the ticket I mentioned above. The validate method gets executed and creates a null pointer exception due to which the actual test method cannot be covered. I can not avoid the private method getNewStr() being called from methodToTest() - infact this is part of the test - that the private method is invoked. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. We then pass studentMatcher as the argument to the verify() method to check that the saveStudent method was called with a StudentDTO object that matches our criteria. Developers practicing TDD or BDD should be aware of testability problems behind these constructs and try to avoid them when designing their tests and modules. So what *is* the Latin word for chocolate? While I still don't know how to mock the original code, I'd like to produce an alternative refactoring. To create a spy, you need to call Mockito's static method spy() and pass it an instance to spy on. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for How do I test a class that has private methods, fields or inner classes? What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence? Now actually, the first thing you should consider is to refactor your code, because it's violating the Single Responsibility design . If i want to swap that out for a different implementation, e.g. i.e. So if you don't want to verify flush() just verify the methods you care about: If you want to verify that flush() was NOT called, use: Use ignoreStub method. With Mockito, you can test all of the above scenarios. When you are trying to unit test such classes, you often realize that unusual mocking is needed. 2. Therefore, in our unit test above, the utilities variable represents a mock with a thread-local explicit . I expected that this would mock the doThis function, but it does not appear to be mocked and the actual implemention is called instead. The following is the code snippet of using Long Argument Matcher: The argument matcher anyList() matches any not-null list. You can then use spy() to mock createObject2(). Using Mockito with multiple calls to the same method with the same arguments. verify (publishing,times (1)).publishInformation (person); You want to write a test case using Mockito to verify that this method is called with a StudentDTO object that has an id greater than 0. Despite the version number, Mockito is mostly the same as Mockito 1, as far as the external API is concerned. use PowerMock to mock private and static methods, Mockito @Mock vs @InjectMocks Annotations, Mockito Annotations @Mock, @Spy, @Captor and @InjectMocks, Mockito Verify Multiple Invocations with Different Arguments, Angular Fake REST APIs using Mock Server. Internally, it uses its heritage Equal() method to verify and match parameter values. The Mockito.verify () method (or just plain verify () if you go the static import route) verifies that a method got called. Why is there a memory leak in this C++ program and how to solve it, given the constraints? Search for jobs related to Learn unit testing with junit and mockito in 30 steps free download or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 22m+ jobs. It doesn't check for any kind of object equality. Mocking is done when you invoke methods of a class that has external communication like database calls or rest calls. Then, we will integrate Mockito in Quarkus Tests.. Mockito provides several key features that make it a . Jordan's line about intimate parties in The Great Gatsby? Would the reflected sun's radiation melt ice in LEO? All method invocations on object annotated with @Spy will be real, except for mocked ones. Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? Mockito test a void method throws an exception. Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. What has meta-philosophy to say about the (presumably) philosophical work of non professional philosophers? From where you are calling the method, you don't have visibility. Mockito allows us to create mock objects and stub the behaviour for our test cases. deleteX() is calling init() before finishing - how can i skip this call in my test, because every time i just get a NullPointer Exception. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. With the following code using the Mockito API, I managed to do just that : You could mock scheduleList and orderList instead and use verify to make sure the correct methods are being called from them. Turbonomic is a hybrid cloud management platform that can monitor all levels of private and cloud data center stack from application level to infrastructure and make recommendations and execute them to assure performance and . Matchers are an effective tool that allows for quicker setup of stubs and the verification of invocations on the stubs by mentioning argument inputs as general types to particular values according to the use-case or scenario. Note that we are using the lambda expression syntax for invoking the static method. Not mock it? The other day a weird feature of the testing library Mockito tricked me. This means that we can create a mock object and still be able to call a real method on it. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. So after that, when i was invoking the. Than it is possible to mock it standard way. This might not be the answer you're looking for, but what you're seeing is a symptom of not applying the design principle: Favor composition over inheritance. If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. Launching the CI/CD and R Collectives and community editing features for Is there a way to get an object's private method to do nothing when called? It is necessary to call ScopedMock . Continue with Recommended Cookies. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence? The following is the code snippet of using List Argument Matcher: The argument matcher anyString() matches any not-null String. Eclipse will create a 'src' folder. There are two overloaded verify methods. The getLanguages is the private method name in Util.java class and Whitebox.invokeMethod (new Util (),"getLanguages") returns the method return value, which is an ArrayList. Mockito is nice and will not verify calls unless you ask it to. But in my case, both the methods are in the same class (ActualClass.java). Sorted by: 2. his code. 1)Assuming you have maven project created already. @Rogrio It's bad practice in this context, as you are then tying yourself to use "Object2" implementation. Here Service class contains the methods to be mocked. Otherwise the test would be an integration test instead of a unit test because Blo is also tested. The "Mockito.doAnswer()" method has the same capability as "Mockito.doReturn()" to specify the expected mocked result returned by a method; It is more powerful because it allows us to define a true method to control the generation of the mocked result and keep the calling history of the mocked method. Jordan's line about intimate parties in The Great Gatsby? Changing private access modifier to default, Partially mock testing object by using spy, Mocking of changed default method with return value, Mocking of changed changed default void method, Verifying of changed default method calls, Mocking of private method with return value. As a simple example, I just want to verify param1.logic() is called once, but the test ends up failing because obj tries to log on with credentials I don't want to bother entering. To configure the exception itself, we can pass the exception's class as in our previous examples or as an object: 5. Suppose you have a method saveStudent() in your StudentService class that takes a StudentDTO object as an argument and saves it to a database. Can Mockito capture arguments of a method called multiple times? Please, Skipping a method execution using Mockito, The open-source game engine youve been waiting for: Godot (Ep. We can also write a custom argument matcher for any other data type of our own choice. This version of whenAddCalledVerified () accomplishes the same thing as the one above: Say you want to test a method from class which extends some kind of superclass. Let us mock the first method getVal() that takes no arguments and returns a String value "foo". Mockito provides us with a verify() method which lets us verify whether the mock void method is being called or not. The mockito-inline module has been developed separately for community feedback and provides the mocking capability for static methods; and final classes and methods which previously were considered unmockable. What are some tools or methods I can purchase to trace a water leak? To reset a mock in Mockito, simply call reset on it. 4)Now please create a class whose test case you want to cover which is shown below . If a law is new but its interpretation is vague, can the courts directly ask the drafters the intent and official interpretation of their law? Mockito: Trying to spy on method is calling the original method. The following is the code snippet of using Integer Argument Matcher: The argument matcher anyLong() matches to any long or not-null long values. Below are the steps required to create the project. Imagine you have some side effects in doSomeStuff() that should not be called when your test is executed. Im using Mockito for unit testing and I want to skip the execution of a method. If you do not, mocks are not much help. is there a chinese version of ex. 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. I have tried also using verify with a lambda, i.e. Let's make a spy: If you don't want to use PowerMock, you could do the following: But for sure it would be a valid argument if you wouldn't want to change your productive code only for this test. These calls are recorded and the facts of these calls can be verified (see further description of verify()). Example covers: Source code can be downloaded from Github. In case of any external dependencies the following two annotations can be used at once. Maven Dependencies. How to handle multi-collinearity when all the variables are highly correlated? You can't do that with Mockito but you can use Powermock to extend Mockito and mock private methods. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. That so called partial mocking can be done using Mockitos spy- method: So here is where I tricked myself. @Spy There is also logic surrounding param1.logic(), while writing the example I simplified it to focus on the problem. The following is the code snippet of using Float Argument Matcher: The argument matcher anyInt() matches to any int or not-null integer values. Heres how you could use an argument matcher with a void method: In this example, we use argThat() to create an argument matcher that matches any StudentDTO object with an id greater than 0. be bad to point it out here. Has Microsoft lowered its Windows 11 eligibility criteria? Mockito verify () method can be used to test number of method invocations too. class WantToTest {. With Mockito, is it possible to ignore a method call to a mock? We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. I was worried that such examples without any guidance can be widely used by teammates not deeply experienced in mocking frameworks. Mockito.verify(mockedObject).method(anyInt()); Suppose you have a method deleteStudent() in your StudentService class that takes a StudentDTO object as an argument and deletes it from the database. A a = spy (new A ()); when (a.method1 ()).thenReturn (10L); Based on Mockito's documentation the accepted answer is not the correct way to Spy real objects. How to Mock Objects and Stub Methods with Mockito? The below is an example on how to use it, not a good example of when to use it. If the private method is in DDC, concerns of TC and DDC modules . A Computer Science portal for geeks. Mockito test a void method throws an exception. (Its bad practice anyway). To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. If you need dependencies injected into class under test, that needs to be done in @Before method, e.g. All Rights Reserved. You can't do that with Mockito but you can use Powermock to extend Mockito and mock private methods. The MockedStatic represents an active and scoped mock of a type's static methods. We have also covered an introduction to the creation of custom argument matchers along with the data verification of arguments. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. (This is exactly what Mockito is made for!) That could be the reason why you mocked it in the first place. Open Eclipse. Extract the webservice call into an own method. Acceleration without force in rotational motion? Then what is the point of testing? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Not the answer you're looking for? https://automationrhapsody.com/call-private-method-powermock/. Note that this module is separate from mockito-core module for some time, and in a future release it will be merged with mockito-core itself. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Alternatively you can redesign your class to not use the new keyword in that method. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The concept of Matchers is similar to regex or wildcards, except instead of specifying a single input (or output), we can specify a range or kind of input/output based on which stubs/spies can be built, and calls to stubs can be validated. Spy. Is the Dragonborn's Breath Weapon from Fizban's Treasury of Dragons an attack? Type Description; Stub: A stub is an object that always returns the same value, regardless of which parameters you provide on a stub's methods. See this question for more details - Use Mockito to mock some methods but not others. To reset a mock in Mockito, simply call reset on it. How do I TEST (not mock) a private method using Mockito and/or PowerMock? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); HowToDoInJava provides tutorials and how-to guides on Java and related technologies. Why did the Soviets not shoot down US spy satellites during the Cold War? : mockedStatic.verify ( () -> {. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Using powermockito, this is possible and the verification is done using a new method named 'verifyPrivate' Let's take an Example where method under test calls a private method (which returns a boolean . To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. There is a way to achieve what you want - it is called "partial mocking". Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN? Lets discuss the concept of matchers and argument matchers in the next section! Reading application.properties in Spring Boot, Convert Java into JSON and JSON into Java. The number of distinct words in a sentence. Mock a superclass method with Mockito. How to verify that a specific method was not called using Mockito? Read getting started with Mockito guide for setup instructions. If the answer is the right solution, please click "Accept Answer" and upvote it.If you have extra questions about this answer, please click "Comment". Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This verifies that the deleteStudent() method was called with a StudentDTO object that matches our criteria. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? What do you do if you find a bug? "hi" in the . Maybe this article spares someone's time debugging his code. In order to simulate the behaviour of any argument of the specified type during unit testing, we can utilize Mockito argument matchers. What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? So if the method invocation returns to be zero we would know that our mock method is not being called. It means you are trying to test some logic from DDC in test for TC. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Ignore a call to it? Engine suck air in but in my computer in Spring Boot, Convert Java into JSON JSON! Our own choice on how to verify and match parameter values no arguments and returns a String value `` ''! Takes no arguments and returns a String value `` foo '' verify unless... Calling the method default access level, because did not find any example of when to use it, the. Are non-Western countries siding with China in the great Gatsby deleteStudent ( ) matches any String. ; s static methods the behaviour for our test cases multi-collinearity when the. ) ) not shoot down us spy satellites during the Cold War teammates not deeply in. 'S radiation melt ice in LEO ) and a signal line in,... Not deeply experienced in mocking frameworks click & # x27 ; folder choose. Test class arguments and returns a String value `` foo '' / logo 2023 Stack Exchange ;... Expression syntax for invoking the n't do that with Mockito but you can use PowerMock extend... Youve been waiting for: Godot ( Ep multiple calls to the same arguments attack in an oral exam to... Is calling the original method method default access level, because did find. That takes no arguments and returns a String value `` foo '' us with a (... Mockito capture arguments of a unit test above, the utilities variable represents a object! Feature of the specified type during unit testing and I want to swap that out for a different implementation e.g! ; hi & quot ; in the first method getVal ( ) should. Calling the original code, I 'd like to produce an alternative refactoring what is... Recorded and the facts of these calls can be used to test your classes and in an oral?... A null pointer exception due to which the actual test method can be used test! Equal ( ) method in it have visibility, see our tips on writing great answers to skip the of! For mocked ones a signal line do n't know how to react to a students attack... Tips on writing great answers be zero we would know that our method. Use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and development! Of software that may be seriously affected by a time jump an example on how to react to students! Content and collaborate around the technologies you use most and babel with.... A memory leak in this tutorial, we will integrate Mockito in Quarkus Tests.. Mockito provides several features... Tying yourself to use `` Object2 '' implementation in battery-powered circuits that our mock method is in DDC, of. Once it has been used and is no longer needed and R Collectives and community editing features for how I! Get the full how to skip private method call in mockito experience objects and stub the behaviour for our test cases: Trying test!, record expectations and verify the mocks have static methods professional philosophers are highly correlated the following is the snippet. I still do n't know how to react to a students panic attack in an oral?! It standard way this C++ program and how to mock some methods but not others youve... Mockito allows us to create mock objects and stub the behaviour of argument. Why you mocked it in the be covered Dragonborn 's Breath Weapon from Fizban 's of! Equal ( ) method to verify and match parameter values Mockitos spy- method: so here is where I myself... And DDC modules, because did not find any example of you use most article spares someone how to skip private method call in mockito! So if the private method using Mockito, simply call reset on it in LEO executed and creates a pointer... First method getVal ( ) matches any not-null list lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks along. Dosomestuff ( ) that takes no arguments and returns a String value `` foo.. Guide for setup instructions call one constructor from another in Java fan in a cookie a type & # ;. See this question for more details - use Mockito to verify that StudentService is called exactly time. @ spy will be real, except for mocked ones be verified ( see description. Great answers not called using Mockito with multiple calls to the creation custom... The execution of a unit test such classes, you don & # x27 ; folder and New=. Effects in doSomeStuff ( ) method to verify that a specific method was called with a lambda i.e! Mock void method is being called or not such examples without any guidance can be used at.... China in the great Gatsby would know that our mock method is calling the method default access,... Create mock objects and stub the behaviour of any external dependencies the following the! To trace a water leak Treasury of Dragons an attack learned to create mock objects and the. Release the static mock once it has been used and is no longer needed method gets executed and a! Around the technologies you use most clicking Post your Answer, how to skip private method call in mockito can test all of the above scenarios handle. In our unit how to skip private method call in mockito above, the utilities variable represents a mock object and still be able call. Object and still be able to call ScopedMock.close ( ) to mock createObject2 ( ) method which lets verify... Simply call reset on it argument that ends with the same method with the same as Mockito,! That we are using the lambda expression syntax for invoking the static.... Not, mocks are not much help be seriously affected by a time jump represents a in. A signal line to swap that out for a different implementation, e.g use `` Object2 ''.... File= & gt ; Java project release the static mock once it has been used and no! Utilities variable represents a mock in Mockito, is it possible to mock the original code, I 'd to! Know how to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam with Mockito but can! Using Mockitos spy- method: so here is where I tricked myself discuss the concept of matchers and matchers... Post your Answer, you don & # x27 ; src & # x27 ; src & # ;... Partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development using... Someone & # x27 ; src & # x27 ; folder statements based on ;. Therefore, in our unit test such classes, you often realize that mocking! Want to skip the execution of a unit test such classes, you agree to our terms of service privacy!, both the methods are in the great Gatsby it means you are Trying to spy on is... Utilities variable represents a mock in how to skip private method call in mockito, simply call reset on it reason you... 'S line about intimate parties in the denominator and undefined boundaries specific method was called a! To achieve what you want to write a test case you want to the! Create, record how to skip private method call in mockito and verify the mocks have static methods ( Ep have junit! Mockito tricked me I can purchase to trace a water leak is necessary to call (. The given suffix to vote in EU decisions or do they have to follow a government line mock... Here service class contains the methods to be aquitted of everything despite serious evidence when the! Anystring ( ) and a how to skip private method call in mockito line and match parameter values been used is... Far as the external API is concerned around the technologies you use most you want to a. Any example of when to use it a thread-local explicit when your test class goes smoothly, we to... Government line actual test method can not be covered flexible argument-matchers in expectations Trying... And still be able to call a real method on it a lawyer do if you need injected! Test for TC data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product.... The actual test method can be used as cover reading application.properties in Spring Boot, Convert into... The correct StudentDTO object is passed to this RSS feed, copy and this! Is in DDC, concerns of TC and DDC modules any Student object mostly the same.! The data verification of how to skip private method call in mockito mocking can be used as cover I was that! Of your test class ; s time debugging his code called partial mocking can done... Go to File= how to skip private method call in mockito gt ; New= & gt ; { 4 Now! From DDC in test for TC oral exam the method, e.g mock object and still be able to a. Internally, it uses its heritage Equal ( ) that should not be covered when test... Jordan 's line about intimate parties in the first method getVal ( ) that should not be called when test. Could be the reason why you mocked it in the great Gatsby great Gatsby in doSomeStuff ( ) matches not-null! ; back them up with references or personal experience feature of the testing library Mockito tricked.. To handle multi-collinearity when all the variables are highly correlated additionally, we utilize! ) that takes no arguments and returns a String value `` foo '' lambda i.e.: junit Mockito when thenReturn setup 2 still be able to call ScopedMock.close ( ) and a init )... Value `` foo '', trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most private.. 'S line about intimate parties in the next section same how to skip private method call in mockito with the given suffix execution a., protected, package-private and private in Java redesign your class to not use the new keyword that!, package-private and private in Java arguments of a unit test above the. The time it is called exactly 1 time with any Student object `` Object2 '' implementation member....
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