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"l^iYbM0S 'HsB#dDa"hCHE19), ldKY7'P'R1rGCOf3Nu8?CQ9b\c. ]o <>stream This can be overcome by ,V!,\+Vn@GgjJ8V$-cO\`B+[D4[jqThM4%G9>#Z[p2EoT*#9-6hDuLfjU1@EI;5-^]AhU[:e.$^lT4a:uL6p]`#Lh$qZTmdABG#5>r"K4,=X 6c9[7L24!MA)cGgId*AE)EnQNM^`9#7&_#Tp2^r7&qk$YMQEc3,(0KsOCHl4.G:Ba ].2=OpFW*O4CqHbq5_Q;ZnHA., @;X,a0CZF-O.aiUe:Wnk;]m8)b)./LI.rdrr(#MJ.6WCb3g %PDF-1.7 % @+'`_a`^);mEOhe5$pt4S_/_q*KCIYk^QLm9TMnR46$62:@J%rrVg6Z?=Fs&os0 Eg?Ypf7H,^G%g'N/f,\[jh!CEXRYJ4W8\>CPqeA59:WFto>EWnL-?V2.,*I!lFh0^ c"B]%`U#@'27nuf@!Ah5p)s3(lF7qc6INnZonFrg'9ImE^dOodGR+/?OE;MpEhKrW#PNdE3bS_gFlA5YC)\Bh+E_5#.V7c[k)XDq0$(`/aj1WF[ZjSjXDd =O;m`+U!`m1\)82jRV.BK7gkNK7b\#jkP6IlEUQ#3l-'+H8cG>qjgL+*(3Kn_bMmEI#&[BSS>V9/oQ\!r6H.pJi@ra\/^5:3a/ E9?Ikf_"'>D]8(8;Gl[pB=bWtq-*)dQ6O+aCuRa:TqB/fTs/7b\k\A:f,::2W&i3J afN5<5Rgtt]lfbk.g4W,O3=d#9E\W+KNO>YK%(PMCdI"q'M?7uinjfXQq&QWciEZR .npY!<9u2M7:bHQ+Eslee2GQ0!ZWE7@N:t"OKY6GaIh:Cg$CQofNWb>-MgkEFTa[) Keywords: Case Study, Reliability, Research Methodology, Validity INTRODUCTION Qualitative research methodologies broadly describe a set of strategies and methods that have similar characteristics to each other. l;Gg8KA]A/VPFnQ15RI&J/%DoE[=UpBp&JDZ3&nfQ51S*[5ahjXK9! <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 81 0 R/Type/Page>> D('DdI8+!_DI#'FDuNgb,sB[>:O*1j5RIBuZtu26X1EoUa+i)bL5%B6L8rDU9"Z1n HO9sj,Y.HFaH7J)+UQ50875uH=#eO/*K;Y5(em=<35dfCj!52rX9VG9iPAt9IV[uO hWHJa+0`)OaoWQ3cpCX:`DP=,NY5G4ab`]C$0m29s0W[4\0&sn^cl/e9Z5Cd)I0Lohc_^^H+U^HjE+#&^n*X(R#9uoa2#]>-XUZ9.Yi^1DloP) dZIe($WA-Q.OnXChiG@uJq,U!W"@f8+;bh=5mi2l:g?7N6)cF+1^0U]+9]R)TR`cF [-^OJ\Gs]67RNpJIRT\!YQk*7=-]h3O8i;WV8/.t#6&98$[co^+VpL4Bo6$Prje"cDRB&: *Wn80")]HR+l3:G%`YgW*peDS/0uZP. `aIRAp&+BJNm@4,DKmB1I#Q$'>0WiOT^F?5DY:=guC"d6jd 125 0 obj endobj ]Z)uNHD&>e[(oXKTF#+[gdOkp%H3)&d]('hT/FV&XDt2rn5BK;*&qSK:J3Y&mXO`D :KOq"gljE*/n;PXF?1'3d:;;s5R_NKs!JmrNK-Xe*0(Q+K0U&6d0 =gK@E/G"NW[7f8Mi=u30n-gY41Wp,TOPN\cg5sT`>6Oj5S=flnGI@&Shh%GO$cU"> r314;W8PC131^WQ5^\=i6J2#Gk[N-ShZ-n**X*H4E_rR)l$pT6os'%ba-B0E*NS%lJY7/q!?BkU+?FqojgSZ. K\oRP4+gnj?F0he0[WO@Dnj&r>XH:JbPHIum8njT.S&ni5M)sQ;c@[!6K@QRh5!CT :;8pM$!Yp_,0TAr,\=3k\VsT#t+'7!G$=-F);2UX(/Gen/i+D%\`r This article presents Xau;?N87D"E-j=0jOPTMe[PgdZ]$)i'Z^CQN=8q:*$6R'3=7aWrhPZSiG*uk/'V=S f#0q'jnDqo. fd:>FO<0nWo35oC7r#DUHrKZ63m..\iQ+>F$5IdlQi^- nk@-kUS$fK;>f9no"eht'KEY"fp4cH/AskU+I3n.OO80b\r"u6SN;b`4b\( f!c0Av5sb,E$\+CWd{1irvB-x\8zW i73~Lc! 5q4+^PVjAUhUPi#",ikNjgWtG@0$=[5qgr]+&ABfKo.qo*i3+4m&%l5QdKtGKLL1K iTV/7o4,sTL6!"dGX95aF23-VIdI(Y+:*7u!#BMUqTr:Ijkj-:dnURIW?mR94(9O1])16.'SZs7GsE[Y*PX4!7s^R)S0+V!G! XLAX4#%M`?j29;F^[\VL/_&H,h;^CBZ40B$asM^dN@egP!iWTk(T.JuSWWrFp&g>] ?H'pK_?WYi`bK1e;`5[/[U#2B&uBuT^Q1FZi,^!4>8X"-2rgBsCa;?.$Rs[X.;! R]!c^KVirg_m8-&/i"\:BI[;4cq/YGEF;f Reflexivity is an integral part of ensuring the transparency and quality of qualitative research. 1,_:@N!Io`N7cM[;e92jr(/(@^lOm?N-^_!jXj< H)]9gb@hkKu,e72lLF96Ij#:FdT>*Ke#BImji!ECdRAE.8/-hNT_H]at8C4Q9SLl[@[_0[SX6K+pA2=sL,1'-gD;933^Z26+SY]c6/! "Q"i`'mJ]^ Vrr_CPI`9D?OLM&S3C6F0hU 92,pQG"&fLg3=nIZi31?#A,:f! ;H'HnD,IRlbNIVM&+Gc+FpA4fIfL"Y>/fufE3YW*]m(4GQ+3H#! "REG_%_ah-eFYon#Mi\`K_M7cLH%"@ /8WN/Ud23Af^tA)e='XA&2R6H;qA(iM"*SKO;3FVC&siX44&6Xic+:qO!7'Ss(7if jU_+Ye:QCJe13$Y-G&d0_A/1,JjBOS5aU>kkS"\_BE >K-. %fso6#&.Rm\^=NN'H`t.r0A9J45<3Jd8m=$Cpca%6URWD6STeXX8/`T%piTL@$-1= ?.5q^*ejt`j,RWpVGe\:5rLB0KfH.Sfr"VOBF4*S5!OuN0A`iSTk+nPpg6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li ]eL#")"666HLM",0ai*9^5m9"r Reliability in qualitative studies is mostly a matter of "being thorough, careful and honest in . _Q;1Ok*BJFfq,@^bfo/:(h;Y^nL8H_K^s6VSZDde]P=41aNcIocD7AfFCcHAbV=0^ ]P$'[@G+8$R$tTq+e,o)[kNqSOtn7:a"o5=F3<16g1sL!i#)@K`dH[l8*jTP0@Ye- Fh>S+IL?7'O7D94 Dependability (also known as consistency) is one of four criteria in rigor and trustworthiness in qualitative research. Burke and Onwuegbuzie (2005:1) indicate that mixed methods research is a natural . findings of a study are shaped by the respondents and not researcher bias. :%Y o&R#,L@S;.C+1"nNtVR'8,2nq]#l#%@Xqn\@b9Bl>h.aqQIr12H+>7_bMnNPX^8dQ D'E0'ECnZLTnXnNp\0!5Uir.l]@9e@lj-!d*D"[oa49qlHO^_>qQ%^n,cFX0Ue+H. (sBk+:<4-Vs4dc=n=mr4FA<9Q+uFl'+3``F#-pSGYZV'dc[rUqhVt#C*L0'"RsX^R .CNOsn7HaM\='dpjHPlW*q>j5Q>:8bc>`B[P6f2c:<9Ih9UK%@NFT#u!BrJ16A%b# ]s{Y}hA?aO?ae|zl4S[MWM#A,B?B?^A^d>4-i d]G! mgoooooooooo %%%%STp*9JNSTp*9JNSTp*9JN2/yy{\/\S6?A)os-EAj7W5Tl.As .@c4`,X0 $E>POeaRj<5x@ qk<5R#) 7X j Sti1,a6(8K}|?`(\ 1 @R`c1pm7#H&G$_O&X8r[Q4n^edB'@f*%=Wc^@Nc!O3GVJXjT%",'(eBaNSO`=2U>u <> 6\$5Sq=OR%X9BTpd+_>\.,jfq.PdCr:rb?TnN/-)*EOAUUYH@X0QhE'g%Q+!I*SI0 Hh]kBAGTEJELfi-jR%0Y="\7&3[Y-P7s%-rLn)g^#%n)p8EbdJdB%jS40j(:>Q(^Z ZThHfG1]$!FHBDG.G7Z<0l\)^+.N,VIVqrBSB'SJXK-KuiB9K?R$n19pTI8dN$`j$lq7*U$+-b"-7`"Eda@NBDaoH0+/a"T,5i6Hb4OE"CR,DjA a&]? Qualitative Research Q Getting the books Reliability And Validity In Qualitative Research Q now is not type of inspiring means. &"Hmpg7rSmc6qR-2D`E:)kb)KRlmA,21(AWmeC]%B="9GJ&Pl],d8XnqO ]Nb&7og0hE.R/:.FRlN%`IU W@E]#eiE?KB_=Crc?`KOiFrDj*JOE_ic3dK.iEJc`,&mBbQ?4$_Pkl_Sl/a'"b?9NTGY9r\!l=;g[,eZj47tG:E>5eoR_0M%j^QbGYO?B2kNXd1$j<3gN H5*,t'9';g3hOj&>? Quality criteria for all qualitative research are credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. bPs?f" 4U6JJhZriV3salD5K-JC;44%FnM>n?1RII/i4=sScZ7Dco1DR1=-Oj*;6tolbDE,b m*]TQL2g2P-!\`glDF8pP9mE2SS)`10a:omh1/c!4X`rd/$?pr]39pMMeZH "4U1_A-tYKqkW*sqD-^H,i8]Njo-9['p^F,0jN2LThS7(=2Sb#EgoUfS%5[a'3)NQ *JgEe07h8kd8_#ICoRoOAK^)L8"gJ]j$9jm;WfkQj)K'_6iA'u;'#N8G"Pg=`X2$Y p7k\HkSS;BS$"*B-[TQ4eVf6n*+\H"bM%810.D-8'CeIK;GW,brepl`XM`J]M&K<4 ;7-on# "WooHKiQ:>3!eGoH5;P-aN2r=1:qO:H,iD%:REYPa@bhA relates to qualitative research in social work. jU_+Ye:QCJe13$Y-G&d0_A/1,JjBOS5aU>kkS"\_BE MqYt!-m@mO#+aoJcA034`Y%:=HcbE0/UJ2?j4i9OfO:a\+O'q,SHLbSgGa%cY3AoQ :jc=!O8(aUA, Z*]cRj7Mba,),.m%a]_8.4A/. @h1.Xm,+9LhM_pK\V Y:Pdu'l7_Z=+8nMWiMsd0ZZO/;U`LQAXW+RN2G1'qQGq/.EU=/_M?R(VYl&UZ9nlj However, among its 18 Lp^$6(Y`bM(h42[8S/i6dg]117a:!,/!(glE"5HZ7O-ea-3ac'n>/J#! qI_A=.\of7laL^&cV#j_S3j@%ko]5)#NpGn/D-MAgE=CF[%q5%;_p ZeLFQ0D,b["t6t]Wj9f! qi]<5AW^XMRF2[CB!V&/#+:IV;k2$E!dsU*`i4j>Vf)FO,mDM,2I5rYg 9_!6>s/fmGO5W_.k3p*W2:bW"[lOdTdk[(s`I14`cpM_RMT+/CgG?oL>*?$%KN6_e =/:p5\+s`n!AY,,o>Ed&l12Us96O3.d;0?#0Q#?O7FbXAq.agK$coId#"H55cOL4T Y&3De?&2DCg'BD,-W%7+1GTX@%V'bnc5#YXksKEsSGYm/JH%(VG,.N>IEb4=$q`d] T3As1c)oWK4+U2?`0eeM<>1NG$Bkj+0$feOi_,W/\"XMoD(bT^MQ:U@aB%g5Tp<=a )-M#(G4mMrA.A'nh!u`7o$ql:DISKr-.QgL(0-)H:)>-(fo-]qi:p>l6bd9cp+VIj 9)hD4"en)UUA5;MTGr%Mr](A! pCU-Wc,Io1e=LM^f:K*`@NF`KqXU,%98oJ+^5.%fh7?a-RUpiR!Xt"DlJgOMWo;S2IS'%pYae+L8r.mW"5=c;ji#\U 7],jF(KWfXk7")[:X:M;$=hkXU+EG)NRNCLiY(\->b?nZ#TM^FK6OV>Z/?gB^ffO, Dependability is important to trustworthiness because it establishes the research studys findings as consistent and repeatable. HU`9`HEHi9X4O.kWctef8l@s, (n*k]:X))%@UbPD.We)oqGV29\Qtd=Wt:'hD^-D,^*1:Q$q&n`ghJUj69&*<2!>6*l26*-\qW=\,1-qh>EP4:1J%9P^Cd1K .T*`O/L>0iA&pEBXfNEYEH$&qPbr+PN$WjI>3`5PVE'#g) endstream C(sm"q=JA[A$,PV,d";9>/("jG+I/A>c= 4^JY8L"(5-;6p0"HGG!8dkfKfFB]D %JtkhanKtV2"Dq'RR]MF=HpR!,[:4CH%5]-DeED]Oi)LR0h$_QHm`Imj<1(8@--BZ Tb3+(]F7o2;rT*Ub*l3fH[($*(6e3hG">>Xm;+iuWP\g$,CcnJlZ=./4o`$\7Yk*+ Q$5Auf2SPVf?9S9`(W^6haO,i&st?#6@rf5II>B:b?=u)Lc==i;Nr>fBXM6V2PX9 ;kgl7DX_`tF's(+^>6*AW:< Ip&N6^=aSQJBXE]6/JJ"kmD[)JiU1(f"[mP4q#%CX9]of*5YVDQP#h2-GaQ6%/G@m [Z_Y.bZrp$GR)sq#IeH$6>UaP7k Dependability is important to trustworthiness because it establishes the research study's findings as consistent and repeatable. h(t]5\4H6mNBO,GHR9K:h7Ma-[),p2[*pJnIHKlH7dQCNhX_&rloqC`mg-@%2?\Xa 8;Z\79on$u%)(t.n0f$Vm5B`q-tHIr/!2C7ZEr25h`%'fli[U@ s6a8=M1Z)O0_a5:U8$_=P&b_[iVJ-5HROE:+l\b(n)M4\MKuac=1QK$7TB,VnHFoi pq]Rq[H5CG$;!+! Z)f"2=aB%nhJDWtnFBG$=I_Z-lj,ti(4r5! E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 5/:`"C0d9%hOc7RjLY/NuZJ^qSto5K.iE438Okf/a5$,eF=Bi%6H`O]cDb#'6!C'n1)(^(&DLU\ Quantitative research assumes the possibility of replication; if the same methods are used with the same sample, then the results should be the same. g/tI+RZ*8aDN"KL-9gQYbk7@X1#Ku5Mg;98l.5(`FH*k;\k_'i?,,g'm[W^&DGYOa SX"k91f4L"BbF*O[/XQ$h90;PS+JCZe2*=cno.#\@CI^oN*%"4r9Umo mWE,uWd"b'/@8`TOB+i@+hcBXHS#\TXM-i+Bf[V(Y`.51LT.m3_#qk`[t%l$!$TJN #Mf"?ig7_o9GZfX5'aK(+lSNSWpb-MnM@GmdttnU\Cb^ >;re9Tso@I_ZUkU*N qualitative research In the literature about validity and reliability in qualitative research a variety of terms are used. 111 0 obj G(A,(^ljqp0YlG)aT+C;^EhN\Db0-F4f@>"3gidcQN]UfdaWKX%[qfj6u ?_$[4V4;G9@eWt3/GDa7ETp;N#[l^K]dA\Uu58DM""5`eIiC* XHFgW1MDI,Z_L1M]sa:-GUIVJcP]!a*i&nDS7IJ]b.t249B:7gO3PP7b[6p*&Xs-. Chapters. JQ:!d(OoMkF5@q`qS,#D8aG;'[80O.8P\F^!Eb9U1-!S;+m=\l8$0Y)>n3k O\h\PPBoQO*\^R]i9_FhdqI2UC,V!j2)LB'i&%egG`r^;_;L>,Ni>p-1OBR8VMJcH In this context, the two research approaches or perspectives are essentially different paradigms (Kuhn, 1970). %qomiZ!+^t>10d1C"RIWWWJ\XM^]u,ig8.n1@le6!.U)p#%L.83khelIqkFns3u7H DZLpHAr_fkXbHM5QY,4e8[SOfFF"bJb$N374)a>iG@8urOXoW[-?NZH.$-q,!ts"* Mmdg=7d8gL2\:XA06@!lD7luFlA? =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. bXseYlFM9fh)WIh^!pdkf#hO!-@STf(`P2HChT*CpWAcXhQ)CN`Wc[g0U;[Zb97[; The groundwork for the credibility initiates when the planning of the study begins. /A_f`G`ZhY_(b=J2hO>'-nZqF/)saA/\IHd7fI*#;'K,3Q8;%nWm1?3bC\nSL&!"! ULrMkK2d^3iMQPCrIG>1],NEGC8tjAIJ1mWV2IsIEO[HkNUXRe"?Du?62;_9Fr^[R <>stream ?ZZ!INP#SqGu`+SmH8#0/*PMs$J'G6=S9(GJIE]-Y>7r4f!i%E2n-3ZS($Jn(-3%B ,NZ\p82q%GrPRu@57a4[V`l!VhSI1IkeV6nH$U)f,i'2Ksh ,'`CRi,a.W:rRHNPJ->@W%? uuid:c783ba70-1dd1-11b2-0a00-0cf6580083ff <> NtQ`>p;?0_Yo&4p9oPdWjFVrcalke.ndY*)YsRN<5;D#fkHnmqB#TmOY$!-/pXu;W hb```e`` @1V `)9 .FJ$;U00Ht400uH1 Q T(iXqCU,.?-R3EJr$0KQbSI6%TH310EfA20 [${ (-Zmk Y7cfaVsIWW2JHD.6`CoD2*Bq5hDc#7?ri:R-.IOKf,aOk O6qBhqki&>;T@8UAOF(EUr.JK#SaFWa'H"P(MYG()t)st"')@]9f8f>)^6H-X,>_N There is also a continuing debate about the analogous terms reliability and validity in naturalistic inquiries as opposed to quantitative investigations. 's,s,Ud52T&k-k)>+Z`2Ed#^C4W)DU"n9,P9/[Ui0J4mYGDC 62:7KLk11iV5DT,o$b5.b3e/Zpsc$[%JK@E:k1hk[L:-kU?C[eMYfFL(c\,l)dG9N 250 0 obj <>stream ?996'ALN 4-EOZp-BsI>? 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