Did They Pay Off Their Mortgage in Two Years? [198], An academic journal article published in 2005, citing sources from 1997 and 2001, estimated that nearly half of British-born African-Caribbean men, a third of British-born African-Caribbean women, and a fifth of African men, have white partners. Ahishakiye (Rwandan origin) meaning "whenever God wants". [286] Mitchell's 2019 psychological thriller, Spare Room, became a critically acclaimed international best seller and she was honoured with an MBE for services to literature. Phukuntsi Tswana, Sotho This surname has multilayered meanings. Some Liverpudlians are able to trace their black heritage in the city back ten generations. Many of these people were forced into beggary due to the lack of jobs and racial discrimination. Lanze English (African) Maxana English (African) Unknown Melvis English (African) Michaeli English (African) Oyelowo English (African, Rare) surname born by British actor David Oyelowo (1976-) Pinder English (African) Pinder originated in England as a surname used in Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire. 1011. ", "Met police officers recognised in Queen's New Year Honours", "Black army officers recruited to help stop gang violence", "Pilots of the Caribbean The Sword of Honour", "Lennox Lewis: One of the greatest ever Boxing News 24", "Will Lewis Hamilton's success inspire young black Britons? He married local woman Margaret Gruffydd in 1768 and their descendants still live in the area. ", "Black Tudors by Miranda Kaufmann a hidden history", "Dangerous Woman: Elizabeth Key's Freedom Suit Subjecthood and Racialized Identity in Seventeenth Century Colonial Virginia", "Exhibitions & Learning online | Black presence | Early times", "Transcript: Licence to Deport Black People", "Pick of the week: 220,000 for enigmatic faces of the Interregnum", "SOME FAMOUS HONORARY FREEMEN (in date order)", "Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Court of King's , Volume 4", "Too Many Blackamoors: Deportation, Discrimination, and Elizabeth I", "The History of Black People in Britain | History Today", "Revealing Histories: Remembering Slavery", "Frederick Douglass Project: Terry's Allen's "Blacks in Britain" Essay", "Silver Service Slavery: The Black Presence in the White Home", "What evidence is there of a black presence in Britain and north west England? Abiola Much of this change in attitudes happened in the 1990s. 3. He fell ill shortly after arriving in England and was consequently buried in Lancashire. [22] In addition, nearly 1200 Black Loyalists, former American slaves who had been freed and resettled in Nova Scotia, and 550 Jamaican Maroons also chose to join the new colony.[23][24]. 5. Forebears knows about 6,039,771 unique surnames in Africa and there are 193 people per name. [136] Abolition meant a virtual halt to the arrival of black people to Britain, just as immigration from Europe was increasing. Poopedi South African (Rare) [88] This verdict fueled the numbers of Blacks who escaped slavery, and helped send slavery into decline. He is listed in the freemen's rolls as "John Moore blacke". [220][221] One of the most notorious slum landlords was Peter Rachman, who owned around 100 properties in the Notting Hill area of London. [17] The official UK Census has separate self-designation entries for respondents to identify as "Asian British", "Black British" and "Other ethnic group". In 2004, a poll found that people considered the Crimean War heroine Mary Seacole to be the greatest Black Briton. During the later 16th century as well as into the first two decades of the 17th century, 25 people named in the records of the small parish of St. Botolph's in Aldgate are identified as "blackamoors. There's just over half a million people who share this last name with 529,821. [174], Most Black Britons can be found in the large cities and metropolitan areas of the country. Michael Siva, "Why did the Black Poor of London not support the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme?". [181] Racial tensions between blacks and Asians in Birmingham increased after the deaths of three Asian men at the hands of a black youth. 3. David, Lord Pitt became a member of the House of Lords when he became a Life Peer for the Labour Party in 1975. 5. [187] The government announced that they will be launching an official inquiry into the disproportionate impact of coronavirus on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic communities with Communities Minister Robert Jenrick acknowledging that "There does appear to be a disproportionate impact of the virus on BAME communities in the UK. [167] In 1975, David Pitt was appointed to the House of Lords. [219], The wave of black immigrants who arrived in Britain from the Caribbean in the 1950s faced significant amounts of racism. [75][76], Studies of African people in early modern Britain indicate a minor continuing presence. 3. [222], In the 1970s and 1980s, black people in Britain were the victims of racist violence perpetrated by far-right groups such as the National Front. "[35][36], A girl buried at Updown, near Eastry in Kent in the early 7th century was found to have 33% of her DNA of West African type, most closely resembling Esan or Yoruba groups. He was also Chairman of DeHavilland Information Services plc, a news and information services company, and was a regional finalist in the 2003 Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year awards. [172][173] An increasing number of black Londoners were London- or British-born. Black residents constituted around 3 per cent of the United Kingdom's population in 2011. The first major incident occurred in 1958 in Notting Hill, when roaming gangs of between 300 and 400 white youths attacked Afro-Caribbeans and their houses across the neighbourhood, leading to a number of Afro-Caribbean men being left unconscious in the streets. 14. [20], In the 2001 Census, 575,876 people in the United Kingdom had reported their ethnicity as "Black Caribbean", 485,277 as "Black African", and 97,585 as "Black Other", making a total of 1,148,738 "Black or Black British" residents. [296] Janet Hills was the first woman to chair the National Black Police Association and was awarded an MBE for her services to policing and to community relations. 32. They arrived in England largely as a by-product of the slave trade; some were of mixed-race African and Spanish, and became interpreters or sailors. Among those proceeded against for street crimes, 54 per cent were black; for robbery, 59 per cent; and for gun crimes, 67 per cent. 2. Logan was awarded an MBE for his fight against racism within the police force. Terminology. Adam Afriyie is a politician, and Conservative Member of Parliament for Windsor. Leach S, Eckardt H, Chenery C, Mldner G, Lewis M. "A 'lady' of York: migration, ethnicity and identity in Roman York". Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: "Child that keeps coming or reincarnation." Kanumba Origin: Tanzanian Meaning: Unknown. 2. 2. 2. The word refers to a spirit. Some of the depositions in the case displayed negative attitudes towards slaves or black people as witnesses. Black Last Names starting from A. Ames. [85] Early black settlers in the city included seamen, the mixed-race children of traders sent to be educated in England, servants, and freed slaves. 22. [179] Research suggests that race relations in Britain deteriorated in the period following the riots and that prejudice towards ethnic minorities increased. [99] The resident British black population, primarily male, was no longer growing from the trickle of slaves and servants from the West Indies and America. After Emancipation, many former slaves adopted new names and surnames. [82][83] In 1687, a "Moor" was given the freedom of the city of York. Even towards white loyalists there was little good will to new arrivals from America. A comprehensive guide to the origins, meanings, etymologies and distribution of thousands of British surnames. [115][116][117], In 1731 the Lord Mayor of London ruled that "no Negroes shall be bound apprentices to any Tradesman or Artificer of this City". Both racist crime and gang-related crime continues to affect black communities, so much so that the Metropolitan Police launched Operation Trident to tackle black-on-black crimes. While visiting the English court, Casper Van Senden, a German merchant from Lbeck, requested the permission to transport "Blackamoores" living in England to Portugal or Spain, presumably to sell them there. Unpublished Master's dissertation (London: Open University, 2013). [189][190][191] 72 per cent of NHS Staff that died from Covid-19 were reported as being from Black & Minority Ethnic groups, far higher than the number of staff from BAME backgrounds working in the NHS, which stood at 44%. Adams/Adamson Meaning: Son of Adam. Amani (Ethiopian origin) means "faith". For example a name may have become extinct in England but only endangered in Australia, still have strong numbers in the Republic of South Africa. The "Ethiope" is written to have said: "You have been all things, you have conquered all things, now, O conqueror, be a god. Black British people have performed well in track and field. Over a quarter of a million West Indians, the overwhelming majority of them from Jamaica, settled in Britain in less than a decade. By the end of the 20th century the number of black Londoners numbered half a million, according to the 1991 census. A list of slaves at Mount Vernon written by George Washington around 1799 details marriages, children and notes on individuals, is seen at the Fred W . Media representation of young black British people has focused particularly on "gangs" with black members and violent crimes involving black victims and perpetrators. Abimbola [211] Pride Magazine, published since 1991, is the largest monthly magazine that targets black British, mixed-race, African and African-Caribbean women in the United Kingdom. Sir Damon Buffini heads Permira, one of the world's largest private equity firms. Roberts was awarded the Queen's Police Medal for distinguished service in 1996 and retired from duty in 1997. [25] Analysis of autosomal DNA from four individuals from Roman London found that one had North African ancestry, with brown eyes and dark brown or black hair. [147], World War I saw a small growth in the size of London's Black communities with the arrival of merchant seamen and soldiers. He wears the royal livery and is mounted on horseback. He is a graduate in social psychology. [281] Notable Black British writers include Andrea Levy, whose best selling book, Small Island (2004), won the Whitbread Book of the Year, the Orange Prize for Fiction and the Commonwealth Writers' Prize. This caused an increasing black presence in the northern, eastern, and southern areas of London. the United Kingdom excluding Northern Ireland, where the question was not asked) was recorded as 890,727, or 1.6% of the total population. One of the most famous slaves to attend a sea captain was known as Sambo. His early achievements winning a world junior record for the 100 meters in 1997, as the youngest medal winner in the 1999 world championships, and fourth place at the 2000 Olympics were marred by a later scandal over the use of performance-enhancing drugs, like Christie before him. Both he and John Blanke were paid wages for their services. Other notable poets include Roger Robinson (won the prestigious T. S. Eliot Prize 2019), Benjamin Zephaniah, Linton Kwesi Johnson, Lemn Sissay, Salena Godden, Warsan Shire, Patience Agbabi, Kamau Brathwaite (won the 2006 International Griffin Poetry Prize, for his volume of poetry Born to Slow Horses) and James Berry, who was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to poetry. Ismail Ahmed, is the founder and chairman of WorldRemit, a money transfer company, and Director of the Sahan Foundation International. [12][13], Several organisations continue to use the term to be inclusive even though Black people find it offensive, such as the Black Arts Alliance,[14][15] who extend their use of the term to Latin Americans and all refugees,[16] and the National Black Police Association. [26] The Ivory Bangle Lady whose rich burial was found in York also had cranial features that hinted at an admixed white/black ancestry. [48] However, the slave trade did not become entrenched until the 17th century and Hawkins only embarked on three expeditions. 3. [184], During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom the first ten healthcare workers to die from the virus came from Black and Minority Ethnic (BAME) backgrounds, prompting the head of the British Medical Association to call on the government to begin investigating if and why minorities are being disproportionally affected. Almond - noble protection. [295] Leroy Logan served as a Metropolitan Police superintendent and was a founding member and chairman of the National Black Police Association. Numerous black British actors have experienced success in US television, such as Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Idris Elba, Alfred Enoch, Damson Idris, Lennie James, Marianne Jean-Baptiste, Reg-Jean Page, and Marsha Thomason. Septimius Severus", "Ancient DNA reveals complex life stories from the beginnings of English history", "The First Black Briton? Among Black-led publishing companies established in the UK are New Beacon Books (co-founded 1966 by John La Rose), Allison and Busby (co-founded 1967 by Margaret Busby), Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications (co-founded 1969 by Jessica Huntley and Eric Huntley), Hansib (founded 1970), Karnak House (founded 1975 by Amon Saba Saakana), Black Ink Collective (founded in 1978), Black Womantalk (founded in 1983), Karnak House (founded by Buzz Johnson), Tamarind Books (founded 1987 by Verna Wilkins), and others. 5. When Corsi was accused of theft, Francis stood by him in an English court. He sued for breach of contract and was awarded damages. [232], In 2019, 69% of Black 16- to 64-year-olds were employed, compared to 65% of Asians and 77% of White British. In the same year, a party for black men and women in a Fleet Street pub was sufficiently unusual to be written about in the newspapers. According to the Sierra Leone Creole barrister and writer, Augustus Merriman-Labor, in his 1909 book Britons Through Negro Spectacles, London's Black population at the time did "not much exceed one hundred" people and "To every one [Black person in London], there are over sixty thousand whites". More technically advanced cultures with a settled society typically derived surnames from occupations, social status or place of residence. Pronunciation clear help? [163], Learie Constantine, a West Indian cricketer, was a welfare officer with the Ministry of Labour when he was refused service at a London hotel. Redfern RC, Grocke D, Millard AR, Ridgeway V, Johnson L. "Going south of the river: a multidisciplinary analysis of ancestry, mobility and diet in a population from Roman Southwark, London". [ more] Pienaar Afrikaans Afrikaans form of French Pinard. Jamaican-born Barbara Blake-Hannah was the first black person to be an on-camera reporter and interviewer on British television in 1968. A German first name that means home-ruler. 3. More Occupational Surnames. Notable playwrights include Mustapha Matura, Kwame Kwei-Armah, Roy Williams, Winsome Pinnock, Patricia Cumper and Bola Agbaje. [63] Some were free workers, although most were employed as domestic servants and entertainers. The ten local authorities with the highest proportion of their populations describing themselves as Black in the census were all in London: Lewisham (27.2 per cent), Southwark (26.9 per cent), Lambeth (25.9 per cent), Hackney (23.1 per cent), Croydon (20.2 per cent), Barking and Dagenham (20.0 per cent), Newham (19.6 per cent), Greenwich (19.1 per cent), Haringey (18.8 per cent) and Brent (18.8 per cent). Her remains have been dated between the years 896 and 1025. I'm moving to America | Ricardo P. Lloyd", "David Harewood: 'We're still dealing with perceptions of what Black can be' | Stage", "Andrea Levy becomes first writer of colour to have pen added to Royal Society of Literature collection", "Birthday Honours 2020: Marcus Rashford, Joe Wicks and key workers honoured", "Is White Teeth one of the All-TIME 100 Best Novels? [18] [19], The 1991 UK census was the first to include a question on ethnicity. Johnson: This surname is a patronymic of John. Coleman, David; Paul Compton; John Salt (2002). These articles are the first known to be published by an African-American medical doctor in a scientific journal.[145]. Lack of public data makes it difficult to answer", "Coronavirus cases to be tracked by ethnicity", "#YouClapForMeNow video celebrates BAME key health workers", "Britain's salute to our health service heroes enters a fourth week", "High number of BAME coronavirus deaths 'magnifies UK's institutional racism', "FactCheck: are ethnic minority coronavirus patients more likely to die? Others went with Washington, Williams, Brown or Johnson surnames typical before enslavement that remain ubiquitous today. [250], A number of awards and honours exist to recognise talent and influence of the Black British community. Aguer (South Sudanese origin) means "tree". [3] The General Register Office for Scotland, which devised the categories and administers the Scotland census, does not combine the "African" and "Caribbean or Black" entries, maintaining them as separate for individuals who do not self-identify as "Black" (see census classification). [125], Sailors of African descent experienced far less prejudice compared to blacks in the cities such as London. Some of the known individuals who arrived through the slave route, such as Ignatius Sancho and Olaudah Equiano, attained a very high social rank. Olwagen Afrikaans Oosthuizen South African Came from a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. [262] George Mountbatten, 4th Marquess of Milford Haven, is also a direct descendant as the grandson of Nadejda Mountbatten, Marchioness of Milford Haven. Although British by nationality, due to friction between them and the White majority they were often born into communities that were relatively closed, creating the roots of what would become a distinct Black British identity. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". Adesina Black British people are a multi-ethnic group of British citizens of either African or Afro-Caribbean descent. Families were ripped apart as the British did not allow Irish dads to take their wives and children with them across the Atlantic. On occasion, a rare occupational name can provide . [193] Reports discussed a number of complex contributing factors including health and income inequality, social and environmental factors were exacerbating and contributing to the spread of the disease unequally. Appling - Appolonia. 4. Sivapragasam, Michael, "Why Did Black Londoners not join the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme 17831815?" 6. Currently, the most popular Black last name in America is Williams, with a total count of 774,920 people who have the surname. Other common surnames include Ngugi (3,767,814), Kone (3,521,972), Abdi (3,354,081), Adebayo (2,818,741), and Mensah (2,577,514). Stevens Of these, 56 per cent were murdered by other black people (with 44 per cent of black people murdered by whites and Asians making black people disproportionately higher victims of killing by people from other ethnicities). [252] The 50 highest rated nominees, along with updates on the previous year's Powerlistees from rank 2100, are then ranked by an independent panel in the summer, with the list being produced each autumn. Adam means 'man' or 'son of Adam' in Hebrew'. [167] This migration event is often labelled "Windrush", a reference to the HMTEmpire Windrush, the ship that carried the first major group of Caribbean migrants to the United Kingdom in 1948. [126], With the support of other Britons, these activists demanded that Blacks be freed from slavery. Hamilton (Middle English origin) means "village of Hamilton". Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. Attempts to support these theories cited "scientific evidence", such as brain size. - A friend or a beloved. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. The Powerlist is not limited to British born citizens and it includes individuals born overseas who have emigrated to the UK. Moreover, mixed-race children under the age of ten with black Caribbean and white parents outnumber black Caribbean children by two-to-one.[203]. In the sport of boxing, there have been multiple Black British world champions, including Lennox Lewis (three-time heavyweight world champion, two-time lineal champion, the most recent heavyweight to hold the undisputed championship, and widely viewed as one of the greatest boxers of all-time),[301] Frank Bruno, Chris Eubank Sr., Nigel Benn, David Haye, Kell Brook, James DeGale, Anthony Joshua and Lawrence Okolie. [8] Note that "Asian" in the British context usually refers to people of South Asian ancestry. [21] They are generally the descendants of black people who lived in England in the 18th century and freed Black American slaves who fought for the Crown in the American Revolutionary War (see also Black Loyalists). 8. Nigerian Last Names Or Surnames, With Meanings 1. 6,540 individuals also self-reported as "Caribbean or Black", selecting either the "Caribbean, Caribbean Scottish or Caribbean British" tick box, the "Black, Black Scottish or Black British" tick box, or the "Other Caribbean or Black" tick box and write-in area. [171] The rate of inter-racial marriage between British citizens born in Africa and native Britons is still fairly low, compared to those from the Caribbean. [104] Modern historians estimate, based on parish lists, baptismal and marriage registers as well as criminal and sales contracts, that about 10,000 black people lived in Britain during the 18th century. [274] The film received critical acclaim and is considered an important landmark in UK cinema. According to Gretchen Gerzina in her Black London, by the mid-18th century, Blacks accounted for somewhere between 1% to 3% of the London populace. Abara This unique name belongs to the Igbo group hailing in West Africa and means spirit. [195], According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, those identifying as Black British in England & Wales enumerated 2,409,278, or 4.0% of the population[196][197], The 2011 UK Census recorded 1,904,684 residents who identified as "Black/African/Caribbean/Black British", accounting for 3 per cent of the total UK population. [259][260][261], Some British aristocrats descend from the Afro-Russian courtier General Abram Petrovich Gannibal, including Natalia Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster and her sister Alexandra Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn the daughters of Georgina, Lady Kennard and their descendants (such as Natalia's son Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster). [299] He joined the RAF as a 19-year-old cadet to read aeronautical engineering at the Queen's University Belfast. [9][10] Black was at the time inappropriately used to mean "non-white British". [162] The Black population in the summer of 1944 was estimated at 150,000, mostly Black GIs from the United States. "[246] About 51% of boys in young offender institutions identified as being from a BME background.[247]. Mountbatten - Prince Philip of Greece. [99] By 2001, the Black British population was recorded at 1,148,738 (2.0%) in the 2001 census.[174]. There are still many problems that black Londoners face; the new global and high-tech information revolution is changing the urban economy and some argue that it is driving up unemployment rates among blacks relative to non-blacks,[99] something, it is argued, that threatens to erode the progress made thus far. Eddie Parris, Danny Gabbidon, Nathan Blake and Ashley Williams have played for Wales. Colonial soldiers and sailors of Afro-Caribbean descent served in the United Kingdom during the First World War and some settled in British cities. Channel your inner artist and creator with these creative last names. ", "Psychological Thrillers Dreda Say Mitchell and Ryan Carter", "Interview: Dreda Say Mitchell | Crime Fiction Lover", "Candice Carty-Williams named first black female Book of the Year winner for Queenie", "Narrative Eye Propelling the written word", "Detective Sergeant Norwell Roberts QPM (retired)", Alumni and friends | Notable Alumni | Michael Fuller, "Leroy Logan: Who is the Met Police officer in Steve McQueen's Red, White and Blue? Smith's acclaimed first novel, White Teeth (2000) was an international best seller and won multiple accolades, including the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction, the Whitbread Book Award in category best first novel, the Guardian First Book Award and the Betty Trask Award. ", "Lewis Hamilton on Hungarian Grand Prix pole position", "Three haircare businessmen honoured with black plaque", "My First Million Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones", "Dragons' Den success stories: Levi Roots", "Pat McGrath Labs is worth more than Kylie Cosmetics (and it's finally coming to the UK)", "Strive Masiyiwa: the first black billionaire to make the Rich List. [198] This was the first UK census where the number of self-reported Black African residents exceeded that of Black Caribbeans. [291], Jackie Kay was Scots Makar, the national poet laureate of Scotland, between 2016 and 2021. Some groups in eastern or southern Africa certain names are given depending on the time of the day or season a baby is born. Green (Scottish origin) "grene or the color Green". Ash - ash tree. At Australian insistence, the British refused to accept the Racial Equality Proposal put forward by the Japanese at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. Akers - arable land. Fuller was brought up in Sussex, where his interest in the police force was encouraged by an officer attached to his school. Equiano, who was originally involved in the scheme, became one of its most vocal critics. Blackamoores: Africans in Tudor England, their Presence, Status and Origins is his latest book, published by Narrative Eye[292] in 2013, in which he proves that Black people in Tudor England had free status and were not slaves. He was winner of the gold medal in the 100 meters at the 1992 Olympics, the World Championships, the European Championships and the Commonwealth Games. Pablo Fanque, born poor as William Darby in Norwich, rose to become the proprietor of one of Britain's most successful Victorian circuses. [175] The street battles themselves (involving more stone-throwing, the discharge of one firearm, and several fires) led to two fatalities (in the Broadwater Farm riot) and Brixton. One example is the writings of Equiano, a former slave who became an unofficial spokesman for Britain's Black community. [152] Black residents had for the most part emigrated from parts of the British Empire. African-born immigrants speak African languages and French as well as English. Surnames derived from a father's name are common, particularly in societies that were less developed when they adopted surnames. He received his commission in 1975 and was awarded the distinguished Sword of Honour, which is bestowed upon the top cadet officer of the year.[300]. Her proclamation of 1601 stated that the blackamoors were "fostered and powered here, to the great annoyance of [the queen's] own liege people, that covet the relief, which those people consume". Meaning: 'Child that keeps coming or reincarnation.' 5. Many Blacks from the Caribbean and West Africa arrived in small groups as wartime workers, merchant seamen, and servicemen from the army, navy, and air forces. ", "Descendant of Pushkin and the Romanovs Becomes The World's Youngest Billionaire", "Strictly Star Emma Weymouth sons, John and Henry", "No Title For Archie Inspired By Harry's Struggles Growing Up", "Focus: Babatunde Edun, the face in "Merlin", is a Yoruba man", "Barbara Blake Hannah: The first black female reporter on British TV", "Pioneering director Horace Ove given knighthood in New Year Honours", "Menelik Shabazz, pioneering black British film-maker, dies aged 67", "Menelik Shabazz Dies: Pioneering Filmmaker Of Black British Cinema Was 67", "OBITUARY FOR MENELIK SHABAZZ - PIONEER IN BLACK BRITISH FILM | London Film School", "As a Black British actor, I've been stereotyped one too many times. [30][31] It means blossom and flower. [84], The involvement of merchants from Great Britain[85] in the transatlantic slave trade was the most important factor in the development of the Black British community. Abbas - Origin: An Arabic name found throughout Algeria. Smith: A common name of English origin, Smith means someone who works with metal. [129] They asked that their status as British subjects be recognized, along with requests that they be given military protection by the Royal Navy. In cricket, many have represented England: Mark Alleyne, Jofra Archer, Mark Butcher, Michael Carberry, Norman Cowans, Phillip DeFreitas, Dean Headley, Chris Jordan, David Lawrence, Chris Lewis, Devon Malcolm, Gladstone Small, and Alex Tudor to name a few. "Liverpool's Black Population During World War II". There is evidence of people with African (largely North African) ancestry in Roman Britain. [37], In 2013,[38][39] a skeleton was discovered in Fairford, Gloucestershire, which forensic anthropology revealed to be that of a Sub-Saharan African woman.
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